In a rat model of D-galactose-induced liver injury, this research reveals DHZCP's capacity to reduce liver injury via multiple targets. The resulting effect and underlying mechanism revolve around modulating the ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt/FoxO4 signaling cascade within the liver. New pharmacological insights into DHZCP treatment for aging-related liver conditions are anticipated from these findings.
The Paris rugosa (Melanthiaceae) is, at present, exclusively found within China's Yunnan province, and a thorough investigation into its chemical composition is lacking. From the ethanol extract of P. rugosa rhizomes, nine compounds, comprising one newly discovered pariposide G(1) and eight pre-existing substances—cerin(2), stigmast-4-en-3-one(3), ecdysone(4), ophiopogonin C'(5), methyl protogracillin(6), gracillin(7), parissaponin H(8), and parisyunnanoside G(9)—were isolated via column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC methods. This study presents the first isolation of these compounds (1-9) from this plant. The antibacterial and antifungal capabilities of all the compounds were scrutinized. Analysis of the results revealed that ophiopogonin C' displayed strong inhibitory properties against Candida albicans, with a 90% inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of 468001 moles per liter, and a similar effect against a fluconazole-resistant strain of the same fungus, with a MIC90 of 466002 moles per liter.
This study investigated the chemical composition, constituent amounts, dry extract yield, and pharmacological activities of extracts from both mixed single decoctions and the combined Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD), seeking to establish a basis for comparing the equivalence of these decoction methods and the suitability of TCM formula granules in clinical use. In the preparation of the blended GQD decoction and each isolated decoction, the same decoction process was consistently followed. To determine the differences in chemical profiles between the two groups, the researchers used ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS). Navoximod High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to identify variations in the presence of nine characteristic components within each of the two groups. Using a mouse model of delayed diarrhea induced by irinotecan, the pharmacological effects of each group on chemotherapy-induced diarrhea were compared. Analysis by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS, using both ESI~+ and ESI~- ionization techniques, revealed 59 constituent compounds in the compound decoction and the combined single decoctions, with no apparent variations in the detected chemical species. The mixed single decoctions had a higher concentration of puerarin, daidzein-8-C-apiosylglucoside, berberine, epiberberine, wogonin, glycyrrhizic acid, and daidzein, while the compound decoction had higher levels of baicalin and wogonoside. Further statistical scrutiny revealed no notable difference in the composition of the nine characteristic components within the compound decoction and the various single decoctions. No significant difference was observed in the dry paste yield of the two groups. Mice treated with either compound decoctions or mixed single decoctions, relative to the model group, exhibited improvements in weight loss and diarrhea indices. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-), interleukin-1(IL-1), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), interleukin-10(IL-10), malondialdehyde(MDA), and nitric oxide(NO) were each decreased in the colon tissue by both of them. Subsequently, a noteworthy surge in the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) occurred due to their actions. In both groups, the HE staining of colon tissue cells exhibited a dense, uniform arrangement with clear nuclei, showing no appreciable distinctions. No meaningful distinctions were observed between the compound decoction and the mixed single decoctions regarding the types of chemical components, the quantities of nine key components, the dry paste yield, or their efficacy in treating chemotherapy-induced diarrhea. The findings provide a reference point for judging the relative advantages and flexibility of single versus combined decoction methods in producing TCM decoctions or formula granules.
By focusing on the conversion of representative toxic diterpenes, this study intends to optimize the parameters for stir-frying Kansui Radix with vinegar. This is expected to serve as a guide for the standardization of vinegar-stir-fried Kansui Radix production. Precisely, the harmful compounds 3-O-(2'E,4'Z-decadienoyl)-20-O-acetylingenol (3-O-EZ) and kansuiphorin C (KPC) found in Kansui Radix, along with the resulting products (ingenol and 20-deoxyingenol) obtained from stir-frying with vinegar, were chosen for study. Using NCM460 (normal human colon mucosal epithelial cell line) and HT-29 (a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line), the intestinal toxicity and water-draining effects were investigated. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was subsequently developed for evaluating the transformation of hazardous constituents. In the processing of Kansui Radix, a Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the variables of temperature, time, and amount of vinegar, with the content of ingenol and 20-deoxyingenol as the metric for evaluation. Stir-frying Kansui Radix with vinegar resulted in the transformation of 3-O-EZ and KPC, initially to the monoester forms 3-O-(2'E,4'Z-decadienoyl)ingenol(3-EZ) and 5-O-benzoyl-20-deoxyingenol(5-O-Ben), and ultimately to the almost non-toxic compounds ingenol and 20-deoxyingenol, respectively. Meanwhile, the ongoing operation of water removal was preserved. Six compounds exhibited a statistically significant linear relationship between their concentrations and corresponding peak areas (R² = 0.9998). Average recovery rates fell within a 98.20% to 102.3% range (RSD = 2.4%). The treatment of Kansui Radix with vinegar and stir-frying resulted in a diminution of representative diterpenes and intermediate products by 1478% to 2467% compared to the untreated root, whereas the converted products exhibited an elevated content of 1437% to 7137%. Temperature, among the process parameters, held considerable sway over the total product content, subsequently followed by the duration of the process. The parameters that yielded the best results were a concentration of 210, a duration of 15 minutes, and a vinegar percentage of 30%. A 168% relative difference between the experimental outcomes and the predicted values demonstrated the process's stable and reproducible nature. The process of identifying optimal stir-frying parameters for Kansui Radix with vinegar, built on altering toxic compounds, leads to improved production consistency, decreased toxicity, and increased efficacy. This method can provide a framework for optimizing the processing of other similar toxic Chinese herbs.
By preparing -cyclodextrin-daidzein/PEG (20000)/Carbomer (940) nanocrystals, this study is aimed at improving the solubility and bioavailability of daidzein. In the preparation of the nanocrystals, daidzein was used as a model drug, PEG (20000) as a plasticizer, Carbomer (940) as a gelling agent, and NaOH as a crosslinking agent. -cyclodextrin-daidzein/PEG (20000)/Carbomer (940) nanocrystals were produced through a dual-step method. Employing -cyclodextrin, insoluble daidzein was encapsulated to form inclusion complexes, which were then embedded in PEG (20000)/Carbomer (940) nanocrystals. By evaluating drug release rate, redispersability, SEM morphology, encapsulation rate, and drug loading, the optimal NaOH mass fraction was ascertained as 0.8%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to ascertain the inclusion status of daidzein nanocrystals, confirming the viability of the preparation method. targeted medication review The average zeta potential of the nanocrystals, following and preceding daidzein loading, was -3,077,015 mV and -3,747,064 mV, respectively, and the particle sizes were 33,360,381 nm and 54,460,766 nm, respectively. nano-bio interactions The uneven arrangement of nanocrystals was observed using SEM, prior to and following daidzein absorption. The redispersability test of the nanocrystals revealed a high dispersion rate. The in vitro dissolution rate of nanocrystals in intestinal fluid exhibited a significantly quicker release than daidzein, thus aligning with the first-order drug release kinetic model. To evaluate the polycrystalline nature, the quantity of drug loaded, and the thermal endurance of the nanocrystals, XRD, FTIR, and TGA analyses were conducted before and after drug loading. A discernible antibacterial effect was displayed by daidzein-incorporated nanocrystals. Enhanced daidzein solubility within the nanocrystals led to a more substantial inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in comparison to daidzein. Substantial improvements in the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of the poorly soluble drug daidzein are facilitated by the utilization of prepared nanocrystals.
Pertaining to the Oleaceae family, Ligustrum lucidum is a woody, perennial plant of the genus Ligustrum. Its dried fruit holds a high degree of medicinal importance. The authors' investigation into the variability and accuracy of species identification focused on three specific DNA barcodes (rbcL-accD, ycf1a, ycf1b), coupled with four general DNA barcodes (matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, ITS2), aiming at the swift and precise molecular identification of Ligustrum species. The investigation's findings highlighted the ineffectiveness of matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, ITS2, and ycf1a markers in distinguishing Ligustrum species. Furthermore, the rbcL-accD sequence's high frequency of insertions and deletions rendered it unsuitable for development as a specific molecular barcode for the species. The ycf1b-2 barcode stood out as the most suitable DNA barcode for L. lucidum identification due to its DNA barcoding gap and very high success rates in PCR amplification and DNA sequencing, yielding an accurate outcome.