Against the backdrop of rapid global urbanization, cities will be indispensable in the fight against emissions and the challenge of climate change. Emissions responsible for greenhouse gases are simultaneously contributors to poor air quality, highlighting the close connection between the two. Accordingly, a substantial possibility arises to develop policies that amplify the combined effects of emissions reductions on both air quality and health improvements. A meta-review of the narrative underpinnings of monitoring and modeling techniques is undertaken to demonstrate advanced tools that contribute to meeting greenhouse gas emission and air pollution reduction goals. Urban green spaces will be indispensable to achieving a net-zero target, fostering the adoption of sustainable and active transport. Consequently, we delve into innovative methods for measuring urban green spaces, which can prove beneficial for strategic planning initiatives. By employing technological advancements, there is great potential to gain a more profound comprehension of the impact of greenhouse gas reduction policies on air quality, which can then guide the development of effective strategies for the future. Sustainable, net-zero, and healthy futures for our cities depend on a unified approach to minimizing both greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution.
Batik dyeing industrial wastewater containing dye presents a harmful risk when directly released into the environment without any prior treatment. An investigation into the optimization and reusability of a new fungal-material composite is vital for maximizing efficiency in the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater. Using Response Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD), the objective of this study is to enhance the effectiveness of Trametes hirsuta EDN 082 – light expanded clay aggregate (myco-LECA) composite for treating real printing batik dye wastewater. The incubation period, lasting 144 hours, encompassed the application of parameters such as myco-LECA weight (2-6 g), wastewater volume (20-80 mL), and glucose concentration (0-10%). The findings suggest that the optimal conditions were achieved at a myco-LECA concentration of 51 g, a wastewater volume of 20 mL, and a glucose concentration of 91%. At the 144-hour mark of incubation, decolorization percentages measured 90%, 93%, and 95% at 570 nm, 620 nm, and 670 nm, respectively, under the established condition. The decolorization effectiveness remained above 96% following a reusability assessment across nineteen cycles. GCMS analysis revealed the breakdown of the majority of wastewater components, with the resulting byproducts exhibiting detoxification properties towards Vigna radiata and Artemia salina. The study highlights the favorable performance of myco-LECA composite, thus suggesting it as a promising method for the treatment of printing batik wastewater.
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can negatively impact human health, leading to problems in the immune and endocrine systems, respiratory difficulties, metabolic disorders, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, impaired growth, neurological and learning disabilities, and elevated cancer risk. Religious bioethics The risk of heavy metal exposure from fertilizers, with their inconsistent metal content, is considerable, especially for individuals working in or living near fertilizer industries. This research aimed to quantify the levels of toxic elements in biological samples of individuals working in the quality control and production departments of a fertilizer plant, and in those living within a 100-500 meter proximity to the industrial site. Scalp hair and complete blood samples were collected from fertilizer workers, residents in the same housing area, and control subjects of a corresponding age from areas not categorized as industrial, representing biological specimens. The acid mixture oxidized the samples, which were then analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Through the use of certified reference materials from both scalp hair and whole blood, the accuracy and validity of the methodology were rigorously assessed. Biological samples from quality control and production employees exhibited elevated concentrations of toxic elements, including cadmium and lead, as indicated by the results. Subsequently, reduced concentrations of the indispensable elements iron and zinc were found in their samples. The observed levels in these samples exceeded those recorded from residents situated within a 10-500 meter range of fertilizer production sites and in unexposed control regions. This study underscores the importance of implementing enhanced practices to minimize exposure to hazardous substances, thereby protecting both fertilizer industry workers and the environment. Promoting worker safety and public well-being requires that policymakers and industry leaders take steps to minimize contact with endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and heavy metals. To promote a safer workplace and reduce toxic exposure, a strategy encompassing strict regulations and better occupational health practices is necessary.
The fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (CL) inflicts the devastating disease anthracnose upon the mung bean, Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek. Using endophytic actinomycetes, the present study implemented an environmentally sound approach to combat anthracnose, promote growth, and augment defense mechanisms in mung bean plants. From a collection of 24 actinomycete isolates obtained from the Cleome rutidosperma plant, isolate SND-2 displayed a substantial level of antagonistic activity, demonstrating 6327% inhibition of CL through the dual culture approach. The research concluded that isolate SND-2 exhibits characteristics of Streptomyces sp. Determine the strain SND-2 (SND-2)'s properties using the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Immunologic cytotoxicity Laboratory-based assessments of plant growth, utilizing SND-2, revealed the substance's potential for creating indole acetic acid, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, phosphate solubilization, and siderophore production. An in vivo biocontrol strategy was undertaken, involving the exogenous application of a wettable talcum-based formulation of the SND-2 strain to mung bean seedlings, to target the reduction of CL infection. The application of the formulation to pathogen-challenged mung bean plants yielded maximum seed germination, a high vigor index, improved growth parameters, and a significantly reduced disease severity (4363 073). Subsequently, the utilization of the SND-2 formulation, in conjunction with a pathogen, exhibited a surge in cellular defenses within mung bean leaves, marked by the maximal accumulation of lignin, hydrogen peroxide, and phenol depositions, contrasting sharply with the control treatment results. A biochemical defense mechanism demonstrated elevated activities of antioxidant enzymes, specifically phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, -1,-3-glucanase, and peroxidase, correlating with elevated phenolic (364,011 mg/g fresh weight) and flavonoid (114,005 mg/g fresh weight) levels. This response was observed at intervals of 0, 4, 12, 24, 36, and 72 hours post-inoculation. The study emphasized the crucial nature of Streptomyces sp. formulation in the context of its findings. find more The SND-2 strain, a promising suppressive agent and plant growth promoter, positively influences mung bean plants facing Colletotrichum lindemuthianum infestation, thereby increasing cellular and biochemical defenses against anthracnose.
The risk of developing asthma is influenced by ambient air pollution, temperature conditions, and the presence of social stressors, potentially resulting in synergistic effects. We investigated the relationships between acute pollution and temperature exposures, factoring in neighborhood violent crime and socioeconomic disadvantage, and their impact on asthma cases among children aged 5 to 17 in New York City throughout the year. We employed a case-crossover design, time-stratified, and conditional logistic regression to determine the percentage increase in asthma risk following a 10-unit elevation in daily, location-specific exposures to PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O3, and the minimum daily temperature (Tmin). Between 2005 and 2011, the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) supplied data pertaining to 145,834 asthma cases observed at NYC emergency departments. Spatiotemporal exposures, specific to residences and days, were assigned employing the NYC Community Air Survey (NYCCAS) spatial data, coupled with daily EPA pollution and NOAA weather information. NYPD violent crime data for 2009 (midpoint of the study), at the point level, was compiled and linked with Socioeconomic Deprivation Index (SDI) scores for each census tract. Models, developed independently for each pollutant or temperature exposure on lag days 0 through 6, were adjusted to control for concurrent exposures and humidity. The models also analyzed potential interactions with violent crime and SDI quintiles using quintiles. During the cold season, we noted significantly heightened PM2.5 and SO2 effects on the first day after exposure, with increases of 490% (95% CI 377-604) and 857% (599-1121), respectively [490]. Meanwhile, the minimum temperature (Tmin) exhibited a 226% (125-328) increase on the same day [490]. Conversely, in the warm season, NO2 and O3 showed amplified effects on days one and two following exposure, with increases of 786% (666-907) and 475% (353-597), respectively [490]. Violence and SDI's effect on the primary outcomes exhibited non-linearity; unexpectedly, we found stronger associations within the lower quintiles of violence and deprivation, opposing the original hypotheses. Exposure to extremely high stress levels, although associated with a high incidence of asthma attacks, demonstrated a lessened impact of pollution, suggesting a possible saturation threshold within the socio-environmental interaction.
Microplastics (MP) and nanoplastics (NP) are increasingly contaminating the terrestrial environment globally, with potential repercussions for soil biota, particularly the micro and mesofauna, through varied processes, which may influence global terrestrial systems. Soils serve as a persistent repository for MP, amassing these contaminants and exacerbating their detrimental effects on soil-based ecosystems. Consequently, the impact of microplastic pollution is felt throughout the entire terrestrial ecosystem, with a potential threat to human health from their transfer to the soil food web.